Is Global Warming the Only Thing Affecting Hurricanes?
Today there are conversations about hurricanes and global warming having a causal link and this is likely true. The recent spate of hurricanes and tropical storms, that seem to be growing increasingly devastating every year, are not a coincidence by any means. Their occurrence is undoubtedly natural; humanity has been experiencing tropical storms and hurricanes for time immemorial. It’s also becoming pretty clear that they’re being exacerbated by anthropogenic means. But to what extent have we made these storms worse and could there be another force at play that may be intentionally manipulating the weather?
Does Climate Change Cause Hurricanes?
Does climate change cause hurricanes? No, but climate change effects hurricanes.
While climate change has been shown to have a correlation with the exacerbation of hurricanes, it does not cause them, which is where one must be careful with their verbiage. These types of storms have been and will continue to occur as long as we have a climate, but the increased intensity of recent storms can be definitively linked with a warmer climate.
These tropical storms and hurricanes feed off of heat and water, so when the surface water temperature of the ocean increases, so does the intensity of the storm. Storms also feed off of water vapor in the air, so in a warmer climate, when ice caps are melting and sea levels are rising, more water is going to be introduced as vapor into the air. This combination is causing and will continue to cause storms to become larger and more devastating.
Climate scientists who have been studying trends over the past century have noticed significant and steady rises in ocean temperature, air temperature and global wind speeds. These are all contributing factors in generating massive storms that we have seen get tangibly worse. In fact, since the 1980s, scientists have found that storms can develop from small storms into large category storms much quicker than they ever have – nine hours faster to be precise. Another study from a NASA scientist found that rainfall in North American tropical cyclones has steadily increased by 24% every decade since 1988.
How Can We Stop Them?
Aside from drastically changing our habits and halting global carbon emissions, which is more than unlikely, there have been some interesting propositions for dealing with this situation. Popular Mechanics published an article detailing some of the more uncommon and creative methods that have been suggested, with varying degrees of pragmatism. While some of these are rather outlandish and more wishful thinking, others have received NASA funding and are in research and developmental stages. Here are a few:
- Flying supersonic jets in concentric circles through the eye of a hurricane, creating sonic booms to interfere with the storm’s upward flow of air.
- Dropping hydrogen bombs in hurricanes to throw them off course or interrupt the storm’s thermodynamics.
- Shoot lasers from a plane that pulses through the hurricane’s eyewall, discharging the cloud and weakening the hurricane.
- Use microwaves to disperse the energy of a hurricane.
It’s probably pretty obvious which one received NASA funding (hint: it’s the microwaves), but it also leads to some ethical and conspiratorial questions regarding weather modification. In fact, one of the proposals mentioned in Popular Mechanic’s article was a government cloud seeding project dating back to the ‘60s called, Project STORMFURY. The project involved seeding clouds with silver iodide crystals, in hopes that it would create an outer eyewall, which would cause supercooled water in the storm to freeze, subsequently disrupting the hurricane. The project failed, but it hasn’t seemed to dampen the military’s interest in weather control and modification.
Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather
A document that was either leaked or released by the US Air Force, dated August 1996, lays out plans that the military proposed for harnessing and weaponizing the weather. The document details things like storm enhancement and modifications; precipitation denial through drought and denial of freshwater; and cloud modifications.
The Air Force proposal briefly discusses the benefits of weather modification for businesses and governments, but focuses primarily on war tactics and strategy. It also provides a cursory acknowledgement of the legality of its proposal, as well as how it wouldn’t likely be accepted by the UN and international community, but continues to tout its benefits and necessity.
What makes the document eerie is the confidence in the feasibility of the technology, as if it was in nascent stages of development and on the cusp of being implemented. Some have pointed out that its usually safe to assume that if the military is talking about having a technology in development for the future, it’s likely that they’ll have it developed about 25 years prior to the proposed date. The document suggests having this technology by 2025. It makes claims like…
“Current technologies that will mature over the next 30 years will offer anyone who has the necessary resources the ability to modify weather patterns and their corresponding effects, at least on the local scale.”
And, “the weather-modification applications proposed in this report range from technically proven to potentially feasible.”
Another aspect of the document that is slightly disturbing is the gung-ho tone of the military brass who are proposing the technology. They compare the importance of weather modification to the atomic bomb and splitting the atom. Within the document there isn’t a modicum of concern for the environment or the repercussions of messing with mother nature. Its war-mongering theme is underscored by a sky’s-the-limit attitude that sees nothing wrong with manipulating weather patterns which could inevitably have lasting, global effects.
“The number of specific intervention methodologies is limited only by the imagination, but with few exceptions they involve infusing either energy or chemicals into the meteorological process in the right way, at the right place and time. The intervention could be designed to modify the weather in a number of ways, such as influencing clouds and precipitation, storm intensity, climate, space, or fog”
Has the government already tested programs to modify the weather? Undoubtedly. But to what extent has it been successful and is currently manipulating weather patterns is up for debate.
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Artificial Intelligence Finds Missing Ghost Ancestor of Humans
Our ancestry as a species is intricate and convoluted. We know that Denisovans, Neanderthals, and the other iterations of our hominin ancestors interbred and evolved over hundreds of thousands of years. But while anthropologists have done their best to map out this complicated lineage, we’ve now reached a point in our evolution that machines can map our genealogy better than we can. Such was the case when a machine learning algorithm applied to our DNA roadmap found a new ancestor we didn’t even know existed.
According to a study published in Nature Communications, scientists fed DNA data from fossilized bones and modern humans into an A.I. algorithm that computed thousands of timelines to map out the possible evolutionary pathways based on what we know – or what we think we know – about our ancestors migrations, diasporas, and interbreeding to tell us if we were missing anything.
It turns out we were…
The new study found that a missing, archaic “ghost” ancestor played a significant role in the development of the human species, helping to propel us from primitive hominins to the highly intelligent beings we are today.
This ancestor was likely a hybrid of Neanderthals and the Denisovans – the hominin ancestor discovered in 2010, that five percent of modern humans can still directly trace their genealogy through.
And though the study’s authors are referring to this hominin hybrid as a “ghost” population, they also believe there might be fossil evidence of it found in the bones of a 90,000-year-old specimen of a teenage girl discovered in Siberia’s Denisova cave – the location where the original Denisovan fossils were found.
The discovery of the Denisovans has presented itself as one of the most profound and baffling finds for archeologists within the past decade as their fossil remains showed they existed for millennia alongside our other ancestors. Not to mention they appear to have been massive in comparison to other hominin species.
And by massive, they mean that a Denisovan wisdom tooth found in the cave was originally mistaken for that of a bear’s. And though wisdom teeth can vary in size, the anthropologist studying the specimen, Bence Viola, told National Geographic, “large teeth with massive roots would probably require massive jaws.”
Who were these gigantic Denisovans whom we know so little about, and even more baffling, what did their hybrid progeny with Neanderthal’s look like? These paradigm-shifting discoveries only add to the fact that we still have so much more to learn about our species’ history.
For more on the strange discovery of the gigantic Denisovans check out this episode of Ancient Civilizations :
